Scientific Facts

Instant Facts:
Kingdom Animalia
Class Mammalia
Order Carnivora
Family Felidae
Genus Panthera
Species leo
Body Length (Male) 1.75-2.5 mt (5.5-8 ft)
Body Length (Female) 1.5-1.75 mt (4.5-5.5 ft)
Height (Male) 1.2 mt (4 ft)
Height (Female) 1.06 mt (3.5 ft)
Weight (Male) 150-250 kg (330-550 lbs)
Weight (Female) 120-180 kg (270-400 lbs)
Sexual Maturity 3-4 years
Gestation period 98-110 days
Number of cubs 2-5
Life Expectancy 12-15 years; 25-30 in captivity


      Description:
        The lion is the second largest cat in the world after the Siberian tiger. The lion is a well-built cat, with a very muscular body. The fur is short and mostly uniform in color, where it ranges from light brown to dark reddish/brown. The white color sometimes exists. The back of the ear and the tuft of the tail are dark brown or black. Cubs are born with spots, which later disappears by the time when they are 3-5 months old. Of course the main distinctive appearance of the lion is the mane that is present in the male lions. The male lion starts to grow its mane when he is about 2 years old. The mane is usually light brown or gold in color and it gets darker as the lion ages.



      Behavior:
        Lions are the only social wild felines in the world. Lions live together in big groups called prides. Each pride can has 30-50 lions, which is a total contradiction to the solitary nature of cats. The pride is consititued of few males, large numbers of females, and lots of cubs. The females in the pride are the sustaining backbone of the pride because they are responsible for hunting and providing food for the whole pride.

        Male lions don't hunt unless they are being kicked out of the pride and live a more solitary life. Female lionesses share the hunting process, where they mainly depend on ambushing instead of speeding after the prey like the cheetah. When the lionesses bring the food back to the pride, the male lions start eating first, followed by the females, and finally the left overs are what remain for the cubs. Lions are flexbile and will usually feed on various kinds of prey. The prey may include wildbeast, zebra, antelope, warthogs, giraffe, and buffalo. Female lionesses also share raising up each others' cubs.

        When male lions reach sexual maturity they tend to leave the pride otherwise they will have to challenge the dominant male in the pride. Once the young males leave the pride they start searching for other prides where they challenge the dominant males to be able to join the pride. Being younger and stronger, the young males usually kick the old males out, and moreover they kill the old males' cubs to provide better chance for their own cubs.


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      Habitat and Distribution:
        The lion usually lives in the open savannah areas where most of their prey exist. It is very rare now to find lions living in deserts or heavy forest areas. Lions once used to roam all over Africa, south Europe, south Asia, central India and all of the Middle East. Today, the only free lions are to be found in eastern and southern Africa, and in the very small Gir forest in India. The Asiatic lions living in the Gir forest are extremely endangered and numbering about 300 lions only. The lion has 6 African subspecies and 1 Asian subspecies:

Subspecies Distribution
Panthera leo leo North Africa
Panthera leo azandica Democratic Congo
Panthera leo bleyenberghi Angola
Panthera leo krugeri South Africa
Panthera leo nubica East Africa
Panthera leo senegalensis West Africa
Panthera leo persica Gir Forest-India

        The African lion subspecies are all listed under Appendix II within the CITES classification of endangered species. The Asiatic lion is under Appendix I because it is highly endangered.


© Copyright Hany Amin 2001. All Rights Reserved